如何区分新冠轻、中、重症

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Mia2014
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注册时间: 周三 12月 25, 2013 8:24 pm

如何区分新冠轻、中、重症

帖子 Mia2014 » 周日 4月 18, 2021 2:02 pm

简单粗暴的概括:轻度新冠是感染的呼吸道主干道;中度新冠就感染到支气管了;重度新冠就是感染到肺泡了。

通常用于分类疾病的术语是:
1,无症状的
2,轻度的
3,中度的
4,严重的
5,危重的

轻度COVID-19
该病毒主要影响您的上呼吸道,主要影响大呼吸道。关键症状是体温、新的持续咳嗽和/或嗅觉或味觉丧失。

轻度COVID-19:
。您可能会发烧,包括没有达到37.8°C的发烧。
。您可能会失去嗅觉或味觉。
。您可能会感到疲倦、肌肉酸痛或头痛。
。您不太可能出现喉咙痛或流鼻水,但在某些情况下确实会发生。
。您没有明显的呼吸困难。
。您的自我保健、烹饪、饮食和饮水不受影响。您的食欲正常或相当正常。
。您可能会感到悲伤或哭泣。
。症状通常持续约7-10天。

中度COVID-19
如果您的疾病比轻度更糟,则您可能会成为中度病例,肺部炎症位置深入,因此肺部症状如咳嗽更加明显。
肺由大气道(支气管)、小气道(细支气管)和末端的细小气囊(肺泡)组成,从空气中抽出氧气。它们包含一种称为表面活性剂的液体,可使肺部保持弹性和顺应性,并有助于使气囊保持打开状态。中度COVID-19的患者可能有炎症向下移入细支气管。病人呼吸更加困难,并且心律趋于上升,尤其是在四处走动时。

中度COVID-19:
。您可能比症状较轻的人更容易咳嗽。
。您的温度更可能达到或超过37.8°C。
。即使在走楼梯时,您可能呼吸不畅,但严重的程度不会使您警觉,并且,如果您在房子周围闲逛或坐着不动,就不会呼吸困难。
。连续咳嗽可能有点痛,但是您不是一直在疼痛。
。几天之内,咳嗽可能会持续,每小时咳嗽很多次。
。咳嗽可能会稍微扰乱您的睡眠,但您确实会入睡,而且在床上也不会呼吸困难。
。您可能会腹泻,但是,恶心和呕吐的可能性很小。
。您可能会头疼,特别是在发热的情况下。
。您可能会显示出肺部炎症的早期迹象 --- 与轻度的情况相比,您的呼吸更加困难,在轻度的情况下,只有在运动时会出现呼吸困难。
。您可能会感到疲倦,但仍然能够舒适地在自己的家中四处走动。即使您可能不愿意,必要时,您也可以根据需要淋浴和进行自我护理。
。您可能会因张开嘴呼吸而感到口干舌燥。但是当您排尿时,它仍然是淡黄色,一杯啤酒的颜色,因此您不会脱水。
。您可以坐着看电视或看书,而不会感到呼吸困难或担心自己无法呼吸。
。如果您与他人交谈,没有人会认为您感到困惑或没有意义。
。您可能可以准备食物和饮料,或者您可能会感到厌倦,但是即使仍然比平时少,您仍然可以吃东西。您的饮食能力不会因需要呼吸而受到阻碍。
。几天后,您可能会感到非常疲倦,以致于想卧床休息。
。您可能会感到痛苦、哭泣或情绪低落。

严重COVID-19
严重的COVID-19意味着您患有肺炎,这是肺部自身的炎症(由感染引起),直接进入微小的气囊(肺泡)。
如果您的年龄较大或患有任何使您易受伤害的健康状况,则感染严重COVID-19的可能性更大。对于健康人来说,这并非不可能,但它却不那么常见。
患有严重疾病的患者呼吸非常困难(即使在轻微移动或休息时也可能无法以舒适的速度呼吸),并且即使坐着也不动,呼吸速度也比平常更快。他们不能不加呼吸地完成一个句子。他们甚至可能避免说话。他们的氧气水平可能下降了,所以呼吸特别急促。
在评估这种状况时,医生将测量呼吸频率。正常成年人不考虑呼吸时,每分钟呼吸大约12-18次。在肺炎中,呼吸速率上升,有时上升明显。 (注意:这是成人的速率。幼儿的呼吸比成人快得多。)
在严重的COVID-19中:
。您明显地喘不过气来,而且只能做很少的事。
。即使坐着不动,您也可能会呼吸困难。
。您可能无法完成一句话。
。您可能会觉得自己必须努力呼吸。
。呼吸时胸部、腹部或后背会疼痛。
。您的温度很高。
。胸腔很紧,好像无法适当展开一样。
。您无法跟上呼吸,就好像刚努力冲刺(除非您没有)。
。您通常不进食或饮水。
。您无法不专注于呼吸或感到不适,因此无法阅读或观看电视。
。其他人则认为您很困惑。

COVID-19肺炎的其他常见症状包括(而且您不必全部或大部分都患有):
。 快速而浅呼吸。
。 心跳加速。
。 外观不适。
。 降低血压。

危重的COVID-19
在严重的肺炎中,可能会出现一种称为ARDS(急性呼吸窘迫综合征)的疾病。 肺中的小气囊变得非常发炎和潮湿,以至于往往会粘起来,表面活性剂也无法发挥作用,因为肺泡中的大量炎性液体对病毒有反应。 您需要帮助肺部扩张,这就是呼吸机的用途。 严重COVID-19的人非常不适。
所有这些患者中最严重的患者会出现败血症,而其他身体器官也会停止工作,这对身体来说是非常危险的情况

正文完,下面是对应的英文:
The terms generally used to classify the illness are:
1,Asymptomatic
2,Mild
3,Moderate
4,Severe
5,Critical

Mild COVID-19
The virus affects mainly your upper respiratory tract, primarily the large airways. Key symptoms are temperature, a new, continuous cough and/or a loss of your sense of smell or taste.

Mild COVID-19
The virus affects mainly your upper respiratory tract, primarily the large airways. Key symptoms are temperature, a new, continuous cough and/or a loss of your sense of smell or taste.

With mild COVID-19:
. You may have a fever, including one that doesn't reach the 37.8°C mark.
. You may lose your sense of smell or taste.
. You may have tiredness, muscles aches or a headache.
. You are not highly likely to have sore throat or runny nose, but they do occur in some cases.
. You do not have marked breathlessness.
. Your self-care, cooking, eating and drinking are not affected. Your appetite is normal or fairly normal.
. You may feel sad or weepy.
. The symptoms typically seem to last about 7-10 days.
.
Moderate COVID-19
If your illness gets a worse than the mild categorisation then you may move towards being a moderate case, with inflammation lower down in the lungs, so lung symptoms like cough are more marked.
The lungs consist of large airways (bronchi), smaller airways (bronchioles) and the tiny air sacs on the end (alveoli) where oxygen is extracted from the air. They contain a fluid called surfactant which keeps the lungs stretchy and compliant and helps keep the air sacs open. Patients with moderate COVID-19 may have inflammation moving down into the bronchioles. They are more breathless and tend to have an increased heart rate, particularly if they are moving around.

With moderate COVID-19:
. You may have a more troublesome cough than those with mild symptoms.
. Your temperature is more likely to reach or exceed 37.8°C.
. You may be breathless on exercise, even on walking up the stairs, but not to a degree that alarms you, and if you potter around your house or sit still you are not breathless.
. It may be a little sore to keep coughing but you are not in pain.
. The cough may be, for a few days, very persistent, coughing many times an hour.
. Your sleep may be slightly disturbed by your cough, but you do get some sleep, and you are not breathless in bed.
. You may get diarrhoea. Nausea and vomiting are, however, unlikely.
. You may have a headache, particularly if you are hot.
. You may show early signs of inflammation of your lungs - you are more breathless than a mild case, where breathlessness is only slight and on exercise.
. You may feel tired, but still able to move about your own home comfortably, and you can shower and self-care if you must, even though you may not want to.
. You may feel dry-mouthed, from breathing through an open mouth. But when you pass urine it is still pale yellow, the colour of a glass of lager, so you are not dehydrated.
. You can sit and watch TV or read a book without feeling you are struggling to breathe, or worrying that you can't breathe.
. If you talk to others, nobody thinks you are confused or not making sense.
. You may be able to prepare your food and drink, or you may feel too weary to do so, but you are still able to eat, even if it is less than usual. Your ability to eat is not prevented by the need to breathe.
. For a few days you may feel so tired that you want to stay in bed.
. You may feel miserable, weepy or low.
.
Severe COVID-19
Severe COVID-19 means that you have pneumonia, which is inflammation (caused by infection) of the lungs themselves, right down into the tiny air sacs (alveoli).
Severe COVID-19 is much more likely if you are older or have any of the health conditions that make you vulnerable. It is not impossible in the healthy but it is much less common.
Patients with severe disease are very breathless (and may be unable to breathe at a comfortable rate on slight moving around or even at rest) and breathe faster than usual, even when sitting still. They cannot finish a sentence without extra breaths. They may even avoid speaking. Their oxygen levels may have fallen so the urge to breathe faster is strong.
Doctors will measure breathing rates when assessing this condition. Normal adults breathe at about 12-18 breaths per minute when they are not thinking about it. In pneumonia the rate rises, sometimes markedly. (Note: these are adult rates. Young children breathe much faster than adults.)
In severe COVID-19:
. You are noticeably breathless and you can do very little.
. You may be breathless, even when sitting still.
. You may be unable to complete a sentence when speaking.
. You may feel you are having to work hard to breathe.
. Your chest, tummy or back hurts when you breathe.
. Your temperature is high.
. Your chest is tight, as if you can't expand it properly.
. You can't keep up with your breathing, as if you had just sprinted hard (except you haven't).
. You are not eating or drinking normally.
. You can't read or watch TV because you are too focused on breathing or feel too unwell.
. Others think you are confused.
Other common symptoms of COVID-19 pneumonia include (and you do not have to have all or even most of them):
. Rapid and shallow breathing.
. Rapid heartbeat.
. Unwell appearance.
. Lowered blood pressure.

Critical COVID-19
In severe pneumonia, a condition called ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) can develop. The small air sacs in the lungs become so inflamed and wet that they tend to stick shut, and surfactant cannot do its job as there is too much inflammatory fluid in the alveoli responding to the virus. You need help with inflating your lungs. This is what a ventilator is for. People with critical COVID-19 are very unwell.
The most critical of all of these patients develop sepsis, and other bodily organs stop working - a very dangerous situation for the body
相关链接:https://patient.info/news-and-features/ ... l-covid-19

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